Intoeing means that when a child walks or runs, the feet turn inward instead of pointing straight ahead. It is commonly referred to as being "pigeon-toed." Intoeing is often first noticed by parents when a baby begins walking, but children at various ages may display intoeing for different reasons. Occasionally, severe intoeing may cause infants and young children to stumble or trip as they catch their toes on the other heel. This kind of feet deformity usually does not cause pain, nor does it lead to arthritis. In the vast majority of children younger than 8 years old, intoeing will almost always correct itself without the use of casts, braces, surgery, or any special treatment. A child whose intoeing is associated with pain, swelling, or a limp should be evaluated by an orthopaedic surgeon. In most cases this is an entirely benign condition and is a feature of normal variation of growth pattern.
Lack of any symptoms such as pain, symmetrical deformities, absence of any stiffness in the affected joints and no associated systemic disorders or syndromes indicates a benign condition with excellent long-term outcome. Most children with this feet deformity spontaneously stop intoeing before the age of 9 years. No treatment is therefore required in the majority of cases.
There are 3 main causes of intoeing gait in children. Each of these conditions may run in families. They also can simply occur on their own or in association with other orthopaedic problems. Prevention is not usually possible because they occur from developmental or genetic problems that cannot be controlled for. The 3 causes include:
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